I. Molecular Framework of Replication Initiation Positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA) genomes serve dual roles upon host cell entry: Immediate Translation Template: Direct synthesis of viral replicase complexes (RdRp, helicases, cofactors) Replication Blueprint: Formation of membrane-bound replication organe … Mechanisms of Negative-Strand RNA Synthesis Mediated by Positive-Sense RNA GenomesRead more
mRNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Negative-Strand RNA Transcription: Molecular Mechanisms of mRNA Synthesis
I. Genomic Constraints and Primer Requirements Negative-sense RNA viruses (-ssRNA) possess genomes that are functionally inert upon host cell entry: Non-translatable Sequence: The genome is complementary to mRNA, preventing direct ribosome binding RdRp Dependency: Virion-packaged RNA-dependent RNA p … Negative-Strand RNA Transcription: Molecular Mechanisms of mRNA SynthesisRead more
The mRNA Function of Positive-Sense RNA: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
I. Genomic Identity and Translation Initiation Positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA) genomes function as immediate messenger RNA (mRNA) upon host cell entry, with their nucleotide sequence directly recognized by host ribosomes for instantaneous protein synthesis. This eliminates the need for viral transcripti … The mRNA Function of Positive-Sense RNA: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic ImplicationsRead more
The Molecular Architecture of Transcription: Decoding DNA to RNA
I. Foundational Definition: The Central Dogma’s First Act Transcription is the enzymatic process by which a specific DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA strand. As the initial step of gene expression, it enables cells to selectively access genetic instructions for protein synthesis … The Molecular Architecture of Transcription: Decoding DNA to RNARead more
The Interplay Between Modified RNA and mRNA: Enhancing Therapeutic Potential Through Chemical Innovation
Introduction Messenger RNA (mRNA) serves as the transient intermediary between genetic information encoded in DNA and functional proteins synthesized by ribosomes. Modified RNA (modRNA), a chemically or enzymatically altered version of RNA, has emerged as a transformative tool to enhance mRNA … The Interplay Between Modified RNA and mRNA: Enhancing Therapeutic Potential Through Chemical InnovationRead more
Latest Advances and Future Prospects of LNP Cores in mRNA Vaccines (2025 Comprehensive Analysis)
Latest Advances and Future Prospects of LNP Cores in mRNA Vaccines (2025 Comprehensive Analysis) The lipid nanoparticle (LNP) core is the cornerstone of mRNA vaccine delivery systems, with its composition (ionizable lipids, helper lipids, cholesterol, PEG-lipids) and physicochemical properties direc … Latest Advances and Future Prospects of LNP Cores in mRNA Vaccines (2025 Comprehensive Analysis)Read more
Latest Advances in LNP Therapies for Genetic and Rare Diseases (2025 Assessment)
Latest Advances in LNP Therapies for Genetic and Rare Diseases Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as revolutionary delivery vehicles for nucleic acid therapies, offering transformative potential in treating previously incurable genetic and rare diseases. By efficiently delivering siRNA, mRNA, … Latest Advances in LNP Therapies for Genetic and Rare Diseases (2025 Assessment)Read more
Advances in mRNA Velocity for Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders
Advances in mRNA Velocity for Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders (As of May 2025) I. Molecular Trajectory Mapping in Neurodegenerative Diseases 1. Early Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) Harvard University integrated mRNA velocity with spatial transcriptomics to map gene expression dyn … Advances in mRNA Velocity for Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric DisordersRead more